Transportation of Semiconductors: Process, Experience, and Key Considerations

The electronics industry in Vietnam is experiencing rapid growth, creating countless opportunities for businesses to expand their operations and reach global markets. Participation in international supply chains has never been more crucial, especially for companies involved in the production and export of semiconductor components.

1. What Are Semiconductors?

A semiconductor is a type of material that exhibits properties of both insulators and conductors (hence the name “semi”-conductor, meaning partially or halfway conductive). Semiconductors are typically made of silicon, as it conducts electricity better than insulating materials like glass but not as well as pure conductors such as copper or aluminum.

The conductivity and other properties of semiconductors can be modified by introducing impurities, a process called doping, to meet the specific requirements of the electronic components in which they are used.

The most common semiconductor is silicon (Si), which is widely used to manufacture integrated circuits (ICs) and processor chips — the backbone of all modern electronic devices, from smartphones to computers and electric vehicles. Simply put, semiconductors like silicon normally do not conduct electricity, but when electricity or light is applied, they can become conductive.

Semiconductors are used in simple devices like solar cells and LEDs, but more commonly, they are manufactured into chips that power ICs, microprocessors, memory chips, and communication modules such as Bluetooth, Wi-Fi, and mobile networks. They also play a crucial role in systems like anti-lock braking systems (ABS).

2. What Semiconductor Characteristics Should We Consider During Transportation?

2.1.  Electrostatic Discharge (ESD) Control

Semiconductors are highly sensitive to Electrostatic Discharge (ESD), which can damage components even with a voltage as low as a few tens of volts. Therefore, it is essential to:

• Use ESD-safe packaging, such as Shielding Bags or Moisture Barrier Bags (MBB), to protect the components from static electricity.

• Ensure that shipping personnel wear anti-static gloves and wrist straps when handling the products.

• Avoid placing components on plastic surfaces or materials that are prone to static buildup, as these can increase the risk of ESD.

2.2. Temperature and Humidity Control

Semiconductors can be damaged if exposed to high humidity or temperatures outside the recommended range. To prevent this, it is essential to:

• Maintain the temperature between 15-25°C, depending on the specific requirements of each component type.

• Keep humidity levels between 30-50% to prevent moisture buildup, which can lead to oxidation of microcircuits.

• Use containers with desiccant packs and humidity sensors to monitor and control the internal environment of the shipment.

• Transport in climate-controlled containers for large shipments to ensure temperature stability throughout transit.

For businesses that need to import semiconductors but do not have enough volume to fill a full container, LCL (Less-than-Container Load) shipping options can be considered. You can find more information about LCL shipping in this article!

2.3. Minimizing Vibration and Impact

Silicon wafers or microchips can experience microcracks if exposed to strong vibrations, which can reduce performance or lead to complete failure. To prevent such damage, it is essential to:

• Use specialized cushioning materials, such as anti-static polyurethane foam or silicon holders to protect the wafers.

• Place chips in ESD-safe plastic trays to secure them in place and prevent movement during transport.

• Label the packages with "Fragile" and "Handle with Care" warnings, and use vibration monitoring devices to check for impacts during transit.

2.4. Strict Quality Control Process

• Before Shipping: Check the product specifications, integrity, and packaging standards.

  During Transportation: Use GPS systems and IoT sensors to monitor the location, temperature, and humidity in real time.

  After Delivery: Inspect the integrity of the shipment, measure ESD levels, humidity, and conduct quality assurance (QA) tests.

2.5. Cargo Security

Due to the high value of semiconductors, particularly advanced chips such as GPUs, CPUs, or AI microcircuits, transportation must ensure:

• Tamper-evident seals to prevent unauthorized access or tampering with the goods.

• Insurance and GPS tracking during transportation to ensure the cargo is not stolen or lost.

• Data protection: Some chip shipments may contain proprietary designs, and thus must be transported under high-security conditions to prevent information theft.

  3. Process and Key Considerations

The transportation of electronic components requires careful preparation and adherence to strict processes. This ensures that products such as semiconductors, mobile phones, and technology accessories are delivered to customers safely and efficiently.

3.1. Export Taxes and Fees

One of the key factors in the transportation of electronic goods is managing taxes and associated fees. Businesses need to fully understand the customs systems and import policies of each country in order to optimize costs and avoid legal obstacles.

Leveraging Free Trade Agreements (FTAs) is an effective strategy to minimize or eliminate certain taxes. This not only makes electronic goods more competitive in the international market but also facilitates business expansion. By understanding the specific terms of FTAs, businesses can adjust their pricing strategy accordingly while strengthening trade relationships with global partners.

3.2. Shipping Documentation

To ensure a smooth shipping process, a complete set of documentation is essential. Important documents typically include:

• Electronic Customs Declaration

• Bill of Lading

• Commercial Contract

• Certificate of Origin

• Commercial Invoice

• Export License (if applicable)

• Technical/Health Certification

Document requirements may vary depending on the importing country. For example, markets like Singapore and Japan have distinct legal and documentation standards.

If you need assistance with customs clearance, be sure to check out this article!

Examples of Shipping Documentation by Country

Country	Required Documentation
Singapore	Bill of Lading (B/L): Provides detailed information about the shipment. Commercial Invoice: Includes the value of goods, shipping fees, insurance, and related charges according to Incoterms. Packing List: Describes each product in detail. Customs Declaration: Confirms export and import information. Import License: Issued by the regulatory body and customs authorities in Singapore.
Japan	Air Waybill (AWB): Contains detailed information about the shipper, consignee, and the contents of the shipment. Commercial Invoice: Specifies the value of the goods and the currency for payment. Additional Certificates: Required depending on Japan's import regulations.

3.3. Packaging Electronic Goods

Due to the fragile nature of electronic components, packaging plays a crucial role in protecting goods throughout the transportation process.

Key packaging strategies include:

• Anti-static Protection: Use anti-static materials to safeguard microchips and sensitive components from damage caused by electrostatic discharge (ESD).

• Shock and Vibration Absorption: Cushioning with foam or shock-absorbing materials helps minimize mechanical impact during transit.

• Moisture Protection: Utilize desiccant bags and moisture-resistant packaging to protect goods from humidity, preventing corrosion or damage.

• Temperature Control: If goods are temperature-sensitive, use insulation solutions or temperature-controlled containers to maintain ideal conditions.

• Multi-layer Packaging: Combine sturdy cartons with standard sealing tape to minimize risks from external forces.

These measures ensure that electronic goods reach customers in perfect condition, while reducing the risk of damage during transportation.

4. Exporting Semiconductors Made Easier with KVN Logistics

If your business is looking for a solution to fully harness this potential, KVN Logistics will be your strategic partner in optimizing the transportation process, ensuring that goods reach international partners quickly and safely.

With extensive experience in logistics, KVN Logistics offers comprehensive solutions, from export process consulting and customs compliance guidance to specialized packaging to protect electronic components during transit. Additionally, our real-time shipment tracking system allows businesses to monitor the journey of their goods, minimizing risks and enhancing transparency within the supply chain.

Take advantage of KVN Logistics' optimal shipping solutions to enhance your business’s position in the international market. Our partnership will help you scale, increase your competitive advantage, and ensure a smooth and efficient semiconductor export process.

If you have any questions or would like to learn more about the process, feel free to contact KVN for further assistance!

KVN Logistics

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